While the first Nizam of Hyderabad, Asaf Jah I, is often remembered for establishing a productive and wealthy treasury, he was also primarily responsible for reducing Mughal control over the Deccan region. Narrations of his lavish turban ornaments adorned with the best of rubies and emeralds, sound more like a fairytale today.
Appointed as the Mughal Subedar of the Deccan, Asaf Jah I took advantage of the weakening central authority of the Mughal Empire. In 1724, after defeating a rival governor in the Battle of Shakar Kheda, he effectively asserted his autonomy, laying the foundation for the independent Hyderabad State.
Though he continued to acknowledge the Mughal emperor symbolically, real power rested in his own hands. His administrative skill not only strengthened the region’s economy but also, ensured the long-term stability and wealth of the Asaf Jahi dynasty. The rule of the Nizams lasted from 1724 to 1948 and through 7 Nizams. Each Nizam played an active role in reducing Moghul influence in the region.
Asaf Jah I, originally known as Qamar-ud-din Khan, gradually reduced the control of the Mughal Empire over Hyderabad and established an autonomous rule in the Deccan. He was appointed as the Subedar (governor) of the Deccan by the Mughal emperor. At the time, the region was nominally under Mughal rule, but the central power of the empire was weakening. This was something that the sharp minded Asaf Jah 1, keenly observed.
In 1724, Asaf Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan (who was also appointed governor by the Mughal emperor) in the Battle of Shakar Kheda. This victory marked the beginning of his de facto independence, even though he continued to acknowledge the Mughal emperor in name. Though Asaf Jah I maintained a formal relationship with the Mughal court, he exercised full control over the administration, military, and revenue systems in Hyderabad. Over time, Mughal authority became purely symbolic.
The Nizams continued to spend significant funds on maintaining a strong military, external threats were always a cause for worry. Reports seem to indicate that Asaf Jah II, the second Nizam Of Hyderabad, handed over a highly valued Golconda blue diamond to the French in return for military help. It is believed that the diamond was earlier, worn by the first Nizam Asaf Jah 1 in a high value turban ornament.
This proves not only the high level of importance given to external security by the Nizams but also, how highly treasured diamonds worn by the Nizams, were at times used to pay for favors and services.
While the wealth of the Nizams grew steadily over the centuries, they remained genuinely concerned about the well-being of the people. Infrastructure, healthcare, and education received consistent attention and development. The Nizams were also notably open-minded in matters of religion, appointing individuals to official positions based on merit and expertise rather than religious affiliation.
By initiating the decline of Mughal control over the Deccan, including Hyderabad, Asaf Jah I laid the foundation for future Nizams to focus more effectively on the development of Hyderabad and the welfare of its people.